Department of Telugu
University of Hyderabad
School of Humanities, Hyderabad
M.A. Telugu, TL. 426: An Introduction to Indian Literature
Course: Open Elective, Credits: 4
Marks: Internal: 40, End of Semester: 60
Course: Indian Literature
Course Objectives:
Vedic Literature and Puranas: To study the literary and cultural significance of Vedic literature, the eighteen Puranas, and epics.
Epics: To understand the translations and traditions of the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Bhagavata in North and South Indian languages.
Prominent Poets: To explore renowned poets and their works across various Indian languages.
Cultural Unity: To foster India’s multicultural unity through the study of literature.
Course Uses:
Literary Understanding: To enhance students’ academic skills through the study of Vedic literature, Puranas, and epics, and to encourage research in this direction.
Cultural Integration: To explore India’s multicultural identity through literature.
Professional Opportunities: To create opportunities in teaching, translation, and literary criticism.
Syllabus: Four Units
Unit 1: North Indian Languages – Vedic Literature, Epics, and Puranas
Sanskrit:
Vedic Literature: Rigveda (selected hymns), Upanishads (Kathopanishad) – literary and philosophical significance.
Puranas: Vishnu Purana, Bhagavata Purana – influence on devotional literature.
Epics: Valmiki (Ramayana), Vyasa (Mahabharata), Srimad Bhagavatam.
Prominent Poets: Kalidasa (Meghadutam), Magha, and others.
Hindi:
Ramayana: Tulsidas (Ramcharitmanas) – connection to Valmiki’s tradition and the Bhakti movement.
Bhagavata: Surdas (Sursagar) – Krishna-centric devotion.
Prominent Poet: Premchand (Godan).
English:
Translations of Ramayana and Mahabharata: R.K. Narayan (The Ramayana).
Prominent Writer: Rabindranath Tagore (Gitanjali).
Unit 2: South Indian Languages – Epics, Puranas, and Prominent Poets.
Tamil:
Ramayana: Kamban (Kamba Ramayanam) – Valmiki’s tradition.
Bhagavata: Alvars (Divya Prabandham) – influence of Puranas.
Prominent Poet: Tiruvalluvar (Tirukkural).
Kannada:
Ramayana: Pampa (Adipurana).
Bhagavata: Kanakadasa (Haribhakti Sara).
Prominent Poet: Basavanna (Vachana literature).
Telugu:
Ramayana: Molla (Molla Ramayanam) – simplified adaptation of Valmiki’s tradition.
Mahabharata: Kavitrayam (Andhra Mahabharatam) – translation of Sanskrit Mahabharata.
Bhagavata: Pothana (Srimad Andhra Bhagavatam) – devotional literature.
Prominent Poet: Gurajada (Kanyasulkam).
Malayalam:
Ramayana: Ezhuthachan (Adhyatma Ramayanam).
Prominent Poet: O.N.V. Kurup (Poems).
Unit 3: Comparative Study of Epics and Puranas
Vedic Literature: Influence of Rigveda and Upanishads.
Puranas: Vishnu Purana, Bhagavata Purana – impact on devotional literature.
Ramayana: Valmiki, Tulsidas, Kamban, Molla – comparative analysis.
Mahabharata: Vyasa, Kavitrayam – translation and localization.
Bhagavata: Pothana, Surdas – devotional trends.
Cultural Unity: Multicultural integration through epics and Puranas.
Unit 4: Contemporary Indian Literature
North Indian Literature: Arundhati Roy (The God of Small Things).
South Indian Literature: Bammera Pothana (Telugu), Perumal Murugan (Tamil), Vaikom Muhammad Basheer (Malayalam), and others.
Literary Criticism: Influence of Sanskrit Alankara Shastra and Western literary theories.
Teaching Methodology:
Methods: Lectures, group discussions, seminar presentations.
Evaluation:
Internal Assessment (40%): Assignments, seminar presentations.
End-of-Semester Examination (60%): Written exams.
Suggested Readings:
A History of Indian Literature by Sisir Kumar Das.
The Ramayana: A Modern Translation by Ramesh Menon.
The Bhagavata Purana translated by Bibek Debroy.
Bharateeya Sahitya Samkalanam, Editor: K.Santanam, Telugu Academy, Hyderabad, 1979.
Samskra Sahitya Charitra, Mudiganti SukathaReddy, Mudig
anti Gopala Reddy, Pottisreeramulu Telugu University, Hyderabad, 1997.
( It is approved by BoS, Department of Telugu, School of Humanities, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad held on 22 August 2025)
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